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____________________________________________________________________ [ 2:. - [ electromagnetic destruction for dummies ] [Joe-ph33r] :. ] [Joe-ph33r@b0g.org] :. ] ____________________________________________________________________ Disclaimer: This article is provided for informational purposes only. neither I, b0g or anyone but yourself will be held responsible for anything you may or may not do. In short if you build one of these things drive around silicon valley doing drivebys on high-tech industry... I am not to blame, YOU are the one to blame. blah blah, yadda yadda. Warning: Many of the devices described in this article use high voltages and currents that won't just kill you, but will probably blow you apart too. Also these devices can emit electromagnetic radiation at high enough levels and frequency to be harmful to biological organisms. The devices described in this article are illegal to build in most countries and using them comes under anti-hacking laws in many. Introduction: Allot of people know that when a atomic bomb detonates it produces a powerful electromagnetic pulse via the compton effect, which can transfer enough power to electrical equipment near the detonation to disrupt/damage it. Now most people don't have a atomic bomb so if they want to disrupt/damage electrical equipment they will have to make do with something commonly called a 'EMP gun' also know as a RF/radio cannon or HERF gun. (though it is not quite HERF, it should do the job of frying electronics well). In this article i can going to explain how to construct 3 types electromagnetic weapon. One is a omnidirection RF burst device, another a RF gun and lastly a microwave gun. The basic idea of the RF weapon is to generate a high powered, burst of electromagnetic radio frequency radiation so enough power will be transferred via the electromagnetic radiation that it will disrupt/damage the target in some way. (commonly called EMI (Electro-Magnetic Interference)) Which with computers this can range from crashing the machine, which is called a 'softkill', to totally fusing its IC's, which is called a 'hardkill'. One person has called these type of weapons 'a poor mans nuke' as a powerful RF weapon could easily give 'The Wall Street Crash' a whole new meaning. People make the common mistake of thinking that RF weapons are very different to EMP weapons, they are not. they are only different in one way, that a EMP does not have a radio frequency, and the pulse is usually a one spike, unlike RF weapons that generate a high powered sine wave for a very short time. Though both use electromagnetic radiation in very high levels to damage the target, so the in the end result either type of weapon will get a 'hardkill', though RF weapons have one big advantage over EMP weapons, in that because the radiation is at radio frequency, so the majority of the radiation given of by the weapon can be guided towards a target using a waveguide, where as the radiation from EMP weapon spread out in all directions, so 99.9% of it, is probably not being transferred to the target. Construction Methods: The are 3 easy ways to build a RF weapon: The first one uses a large high voltage capacitor bank to provide the huge alternating current to generate a RF burst, though unlike the other methods the frequency will be to low for the radiation to be guided effectively by a waveguide, unless you reduce the capacitance of the capacitor bank significantly or raise the voltage of the capacitor bank significantly, either of these things should raise the frequency significantly. The second a sparkgap discharge from a MARX bank to generate a RF burst. The third uses continuos directed microwave radiation, from a magnetron tube. [Method 1] [Omnidirection Destroyer] for constructing this RF weapon you will need: 1. A large high voltage non-polarized capacitor or capacitor bank. (capacitor bank == many capacitors hooked up in parallel). I am only saying to use non-polarized capacitors as the is less danger of them blowing up. The capacitors i used for the weapon design 1, in this article are a 5uF@20kV capacitor bank which would be approx 80cm by 40cm in size. Thought for move power if you can find higher voltage capacitors or/and giant ones, for example 50uF@50kV is even better! I would not go over 50kV though, as you will have big problems with insulation. An not under around 10kV as the pulse will probably be too weak. also the type of capacitor matter to and extent, as many capacitors will not be designed for this (well most) and won't work very well. You are probably thinking to yourself, where can i get mad-capacitors like that?#@? Well the are many answers to that, i myself have many high voltage capacitors (a 1.2uF@20kV bank in total) which i brought for a project from a army surplus store for around $35. You can buy new ones though they tend to be a bit expensive. If you get really stuck, you can always make a homemade capacitor out of a plastic dust bin, motor oil and a few other bits that you can find around the home, though it will be far less efficient than a manufactured one. I won't go into the construction in this article, though there are many sites on the internet that show you how to make high voltage capacitors out of junk. (I.E. plastic tubs, oil, tin foil, glass bottles, etc) 2. A coil, of the right dimensions. The dimensions of the coil depends mainly on the rating of you're capacitors as well as the resistance of the sparkgap. For the capacitors I am using in this example (5uF@20kV) a good coil dimension would be: 1.5 inside radius 3 turns of wire using well insulated (20kV for this) 12 AWG (american wire gauge, thats 2.0523 in diameter, or you can use thicker wire if you can find it). This allows the very high current to alternate very fast using the capacitor as a electrical storage tank, though the sparkgap will provide an additional resistance effecting the current in the coil. If you are using a different rated capacitor and don't fancy doing the math to work out how your coil will perform, the are many programs & spreadsheets out there that will do the hardwork for you. 3. A low VDC to high VDC step up circuit (for example 20 volts to 20,000 volts), as we are aiming to charge the capacitors a close to there rated voltage as possible (20kV). This is quite simple and can be made with the flyback out of the back of an old color TV and a we other easy to find bits this circuit is a very simple one and can be found here: http://www.bithose.com/serfaq/REPAIR/F_hvinvert.html (if it is not there now, search at http://www.google.com for 'simple high voltage generator') I would detail it with the circuit diagram, but I would have to include most of the document for legal reasons. All the parts for this are dead easy to find, and even if you have to buy all the parts new, it should not cost over $30. This is probably the most complex part of the device to build. (still simple though) 4. A trigged sparkgap switch (or a even better a SCR if you can afford one and find one high enough rated, though they are very expensive new and probably very under rated for this purpose) As the only real choice for switching the current, is a sparkgap. though sparkgaps can be expensive. You can make a quick and dirty mechanically triggered sparkgap yourself. You need these things: 1. A think plastic tube. Use a thick piece of drainpipe or something. 2. Two big metal balls (at least 3cm in diameter) that will easily fit inside the pipe (make sure that the balls have at least a 2mm smaller diameter than the inside of the plastic pipe). 3. Some flexible wire that is rated at 20kV+ (or whatever your capacitors are rated at) 4. A piece of string. 5. a thick small sheet of plastic (just big enough to cover one end of the tube) and some rubbery glue. 6. A car battery. This connects to the voltage step up circuit. take your pipe and seal up one end with the plastic sheet and the rubbery glue. then take one of your large steel balls and fix is to the bottom of the tube at one end, before you do this remember to fix the wire to the ball. Then fix the string to the other ball and the wire to it also... the whole thing should look something like this (cross section): 4¦!3 ¦! !!!! ¦! !||! ¦! || !||! ¦! ||1 !||! ¦! || 3!||! ¦! || ||! ¦! || ||! ¦! || ||! ¦! || ||! ¦! || ||! ¦! || ||! ¦! || ||! ¦! || ||! ¦! || ||! _¦! || ||! / || ||!| 2 | || ||! ___/ || the idea here is that when the ||! || string is released, the top ||! || electrode (the ball) drops an ||! || the circuit will be closed as ||! || a spark forms (this at first ||! || provides a very high ||! || resistance in the circuit but ||! || the resistance quickly drops ||! || to a few milliohms once the ||! || spark has formed). ||! || ||! || the end of each wire goes to ||! || the capacitor bank. ||! || ||! || ||! || ||! ___ || ||! / || ||!| 2 | || __||_____/___||___ |___________________| 5 Of course the are easier ways to make a sparkgap, but this is a simple easy one and pretty safe to. I think :/ Of course this is no where near as good or as efficient as a proper manufactured sparkgap, though it will do. If you want to make a sparkgap to your own design for this you can, this is just a suggested design, and not a very good one at that. -=Very Simple Circuit diagram=- These two wires go to the High voltage generator ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ -----CAPACITOR---------------------] TO SPARKGAP ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ ----------COIL --------------------[ FROM SPARKGAP As you can see this is a dead simple circuit, so it should make sense. as you can see the voltage step up circuit connects to the capacitor bank to charge it at 20kV. Then when the capacitors are fully charged the sparkgap allows the circuit to be closed and the energy stored in the capacitor bank to flow through the coil very quickly, and because the capacitors are non-polarized, the high current should alternate like crazy in the coil giving a radio frequency burst of electromagnetic radiation which will radiate from the coil in all directions. The final frequency of the pulse will be unregulated so will change rapidly as the voltage drops but it can go as high as somewhere around 300KHz though it really depends on the overall resistance of the circuit. Power levels (at Max not taking into account the resistance from the sparkgap and at Min taking a optimistic guess): Max: 1 gigawatts ph33rs0me, but perhaps unrealistic because of the added big resistance from the sparkgap. Min: 200 megawatts the burst will last for approx .2 of a millisecond Things to Remember: 1. Make sure the voltage you charge the capacitors with is lower than the rating on the capacitor, otherwise the dielectric will break down and damage to the capacitors may result. 2. the capacitors can sometimes recharge themselves a bit, so careful! 3. careful with what you discharge the capacitors/capacitor bank with as shorting with some objects may cause them to vaporize or explode, or something like that. (i don't really know what will happen, but it you can bet it will be bad!) 4. The discharge from the high voltage capacitors is totally lethal. 5. make sure your hook up wire is as thick as possible. Damage and Range of this weapon: I have not built or tested one of these and that is the only real way to know, though at a guess i would say that at the least this design should be able to totally destroy a computer as far away as 10 metres and at the most be able to destroy every electrical object in a office complex. [Method 2] [RF Pulse Gun]: This way is a bit less simple as the board RF frequency pulse is generated by a high powered sparkgap discharge, though unlike the last method, the pulse that is generated can be directed by a waveguide. For this design you will need: 1. a good sized MARX generator setup, use a some nice big chunky capacitors. You can see a home made MARX generator setup here with construction information: http://home.earthlink.net/~jimlux/hv/marx.htm as i won't detail it here. (If that link didn't work just go to http://www.google.com and type 'MARX generator' it won't take you long to find the simple schematic, though you have to get the values right for the sparkgap distance, resistor levels etc. If you want to get rid of the sparkgap jitter, and you can afford it, you can replace the sparkgaps with SCR's or triggered sparkgaps. If you are thinking of building a very compact MARX generator, EG&G make a very compact sparkgap, though they might only supply them to the US military i suspect. 2. A really thick plastic tube. These are easy to find, just use a bit of hosepipe or something. 3. A simple waveguide. This easy to build of a bit of sheet metal, though some calculations will need doing to determine best angle (again the is software about to work all this out). It should look like a horn type thing when finished. a waveguide should look something like this (cross section): / / / @ == emitter coil / / though the waveguide shown on the / left should be allot more concave | @ but my art-skillz are totally rubbish. the waveguide should basically guide the RF radiation towards the target, you can make the beam tight or wider beam, though the tighter beams will be more powerful and give the gun a greater effective range naturally. The waveguides ability guide the electromagnetic radiation also depends allot on the frequency of a pulse, as for instance a 500KHz pulse will take a waveguide 300 metres across to guide it in the right direction, where as a pulse of around 80MHz will only take a waveguide of 3 metres across to guide it effectively, though waveguides do tend to be inefficient at frequencies under 700MHz. The frequency of the RF pulse for this type of weapon will be very wide, though should easily output radiation in the 100MHz+ range so a waveguide will work. I would measure the RF given off by the sparkgap discharge using a RF meter then design a simple waveguide to suit the frequency range. 4. A low voltage DC to high voltage DC generator. If you actually need one of these depends on the voltage of the capacitors you are using in the MARX bank. So if you are using high voltage cap's you will need one. The link has been given in the construction details of the first design. I won't go into this one much, its not really that complex, though you might have problems with insulation if you are trying to build it as is uses very very high voltages. All you need to do is discharge the MARX generator through a sparkgap. The gap for the spark to jump is inside the pipe to stop the high voltage shorting over the nearby waveguide. (the sparkgap is at one end of the waveguide) Then the RF pulse is directed at towards the target by the waveguide. If you want an example of this look at the so called HERF gun at Infowarcon99 which used and ignition coil driver and sparkgap discharge to generate the RF energy. Though using a MARX bank the pulse will be a hell of allot more powerful, and toast a computer to 'extra crispy' levels. I have no idea what the effective range would be, as it depends allot on how powerful the discharge is from the MARX generator and to an extent how tight the waveguide is. If you want to see a example of a sparkgap RF generation weapon visit http://www.empherf.com where a chap called slava has built a RF weapon very similar to the one showed off at Infowarcon99, (infact almost a copy) though that only uses a ignition coil driver to provide the high voltage spark. The method using a MARX generator described above should be far, far more powerful than that, Oh yes. [Method 3] [Microwave Gun]: This is a very very simple way of building a Electromagnetic weapon, and will have a considerable range because of the high frequency. though the radiation given off will be around 2.5GHz so it will have harmful effects on biological organisms, so careful what you point it at as it will cook at long range and radiation can reflect back at you! Ok first you need to get your grubby hands on a microwave oven, so... Rip open the microwave oven, discharge all the capacitors then take out all the parts (intact, don't disconnect anything! and if you do have to disconnect anything to get the insides out of the case make sure you note exactly where all the wires went and reconnect them where you found them) take the magnetron tube, which should be positioned in a small cavity surrounded by a small waveguide at the top or side of the microwave oven and put a very tight long waveguide round it. (again you need to work out the best dimension here because i can't be bothered, though the horn should look like a very nearly straight pipe and won't have to be very long because of the wavelength) This should easily fry a computer at 50 metres very possibly much further if the waveguide is correct and you did not hack apart one of those old very low powered microwave ovens from the 80's. Oh you can point it at lightbulbs and they should light up too. The disadvantage of this weapon is that you have to have it plugged in at the mains, or have a portable generator with you. If you want to see what will happen to a computer when this microwave gun shoots it, put a calculator in a microwave oven and turn it on, at full power for only a few seconds. I advise against opening up microwave ovens through as they contain high voltage capacitors that even when the oven is unplugged, have easily enough charge to kill, also the microwave radiation produced by a device like this can cause deep thermal burns, blindness and other bad side effects. Though if you feel like having a try consulting the microwave oven repair FAQ at http://www.repairfaq.org to find out about how to take the insides of the oven out without getting yourself toasted in the process. b0g!#@!b0g!#@!b0g!#@!b0g!#@!b0g!#@!b0g!#@!b0g!#@!b0g!#@!b0g!#@!b0g!#@! b0g!#@!b0g!#@!b0g!#@!b0g!#@!b0g!#@!b0g!#@!b0g!#@!b0g!#@!b0g!#@!b0g!#@! K-R4D C4LCUL4T0R JU4R3Z Author: Trionix Release Date: Whenever the next b0g comes out Platform: Sharp Graphic Calculators Version: EL-9200 Ok, go to create a program, and name it k-rad. Input the following code: Print " " Print " " Print " " Print " " Print " " Print " " Print " " Print "PRESS (CL) TO" Print "CLEAR ALL DATA" Print " " Print " " Print "PRESS (ON) KEY" Print "TO CANCEL" Print " " Wait 40 ClrT Print " " Print " " Print " DATA CLEARED" Wait 1 ClrT Print " " Print " " Wait 1 ClrT Print " " Print " " Print " DATA CLEARED" Wait 1 ClrT Print "REAL MODE" Print " 0." End This program is DAMN useful in exams. When the teacher comes round to clear the calculators of all data, simply run this program, and pass it to the teacher, they'll press the (CL) key, and presume that all formulas have been wiped, actually leaving the calculator just how it was when you gave it to them. U can store whatever programs u need for the exam, and they won't be deleted! Although the program isn't an exact representation of what the 'reset' button does, it's close enough, and if u have an examiner who is a stupid fuck, like I just did, u can get away with it. If anyone know how to highlight text, e-mail me, b0g@b0g.org, cheers, Tri b0g!#@!b0g!#@!b0g!#@!b0g!#@!b0g!#@!b0g!#@!b0g!#@!b0g!#@!b0g!#@!b0g!#@! b0g!#@!b0g!#@!b0g!#@!b0g!#@!b0g!#@!b0g!#@!b0g!#@!b0g!#@!b0g!#@!b0g!#@!